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Introduction
The work produced is due to the gas pressure on the piston. Figure 3 represents the process the piston experiences. Assuming that the pressure in the crank case is atmospheric, then the
gas pressure will be relative to the crank case pressure. For a small displacement, dx, the work is dW. The following
relationship for dW can be developed: For a finite volume change, work is given by: ![]() The work is can also be represented per unit mass of fuel and air, the
specific work. ![]() The specific volume is also given by: ![]() This work, W, is called the indicated work and will be represented as
Wi. Friction in the rings and bearings are included with a
friction work term, Wf. The work at the crank shaft is the
brake work, Wb. The brake work is defined as the indicated work
less the friction work. The mechanical efficiency, ![]() The pressure in the cylinder changes during the expansion stroke. First
increasing due to the heat addition, and then decreasing due to the
increase in cylinder volume. We can define a mean effective pressure to
determine the work. ![]() A mean effective pressure can be found for the indicated, friction and
brake work. Pmean,i = Wi/Vd (i = indicated) Pmean,f = Wf/Vd (f = friction) Pmean,b = Wb/Vd (b = brake) A naturally aspirated Otto cycle engine has a Pmean,b ~ 1000
kPa. If turbo charged, the engine Pmean,b can increase to above
1500 kPa. |
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